Towards India–East Africa Economic Integration: Opportunities and Challenges1

Abstract

The growing interdependence of the global economy has made regional and interregional economic integration a central strategy for achieving sustainable development, particularly among developing regions. India’s increasing engagement in South-South cooperation has significantly reshaped global trade dynamics by positioning emerging economies at the core of evolving economic relationships across Africa. Within this context, the India–East Africa partnership represents a critical case of economic integration, grounded in long-standing historical, cultural, and commercial ties, yet shaped by contemporary global trade frameworks and development imperatives. This study therefore examines the dynamics of India–East Africa economic integration, with the aim of understanding its opportunities, challenges, and implications for sustainable and inclusive development. Anchored on the broader frameworks of global trade governance, particularly the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the study aims to: assess the trends and composition of trade and investment flows between India and East Africa; identify key sectors with potential for enhanced cooperation; and examine structural and institutional barriers to propose strategies for achieving balanced and sustainable economic relations. The study adopts a mixed-methods research design, integrating quantitative analysis of trade and investment trends with qualitative evaluation of policy frameworks, institutional dynamics, and theoretical perspectives, using secondary data from international organizations, regional bodies, private sector companies and government publications. Finally, the study findings will contribute to existing academic knowledge by offering policy insights and practical recommendations aimed at promoting value addition, expanding services trade, strengthening institutional coordination, and enhancing the overall effectiveness of India–East Africa economic integration.